Anne Mellor, "A Criticism of their Own: Romantic Women
Literary
Critics"
Questioning Romanticism, ed. John Beer
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1995. 29-48.
30:
-
"In place of the mirror and the lamp, we might think of
Romantic women
literary critics as sustaining an earlier Enlightenment image
of literature
popularized by Addison and Cowper, the image of literature as
a balance
or scale that weighs equally the demands of the head and the
heart" (30).
-
"In their writings this balance or scale is always held . . .
by a woman"
(30).
31:
-
"Romantic women writers, whether conservative or radical,
celebrated
not the achievements of genius nor the spontaneous overflow of
powerful
feelings but rather the workings of the rational mind, a mind
relocated—in
a gesture of revolutionary social implications—in the female
as well as
the male body" (31).
-
"Romantic women writers represent a subjectivity constructed
in relation
to other subjectivities, hence a self that is fluid,
absorptive, responsive,
with permeable ego boundaries" (31).
-
"In their writings, this self typically locates its identity
in its
connections with a larger human group [not unlike WW?],
whether the family
or a social community" (31).
32:
-
"While they shared an Enlightenment commitment to
rationality, they
added to it the revolutionary claim that the female mind was
not only as
rational as the male but perhaps even more
rational" (32).
-
"In this feminine Romanticism ideology, moral reform both of
the individual
and of the family politic is achieved, then, not by utopian
imaginative
vision but by the communal exercise of reason, moderation,
tolerance, and
the domestic affections that can embrace even the alien other,
even Frankenstein's
monster" (32).
33:
-
They suggested "that those cultural values historically
associated with
women were superior to those associated with men. They
argued that
the values of domesticity—the private virtues of sympathy,
tolerance, generosity,
affection, and a commitment to an ethic of care—should become
the guiding
program for all public or civic action" (33).
34:
-
"Since women were denied access to the institutions of
academic learning
in England and were typically taught only the
'accomplishments' of a well-bred
young lady (dancing, singing, sketching, needle-work, a
smattering of French
and Italian, a little arithmetic and—most important—how to
read and write),
the women critics of the Romantic period recognized that
literature—the
reading of a good book—was essential to the rational education
of young
girls" (34).
36:
-
"They developed a new image of the ideal female as one who is
rational
and socially responsible, one who takes the lead in governing
both herself
and her children" (36).
37:
-
"Romantic women literary critics used their writings not only
to advocate
new roles and more egalitarian marriages for women but also to
condemn
the abuses of patriarchy and the traditional construction of
masculinity"
(37).
38:
-
"They explicitly defend a mimetic theory of art against the
inclinations
of the male Romantic poets to invoke visionary experiences or
supernatural
events in medieval or exotic settings" (38).
39:
-
"These women critics consistently argued that sensibility
must be joined
with correct perception, that literature must record not
flights of fancy or
escapist desire but empirical truth" (39).
43-44:
-
"Not only was the novel capable of depicting a world that was
both more
probable and more psychologically acute than that found in
epic | poetry
or the earlier romances, it was also more democratic"
(43-44).
45:
-
"Writing a criticism of their own, poised midway between a
neoclassical
mimetic aesthetic, on the one hand, . . . and, on the other
hand, a masculine
Romantic aesthetic devoted to celebrating the originality and
passionate
feeling of the poet, Romantic women literary critics offered a
third aesthetic.
They insisted that the cultural role of literature is to
educate even more
than to delight, to educate by teaching readers to take
delight in the
triumph of moral benevolence, sexual self-control, and
rational intelligence"
(45).
47:
-
"Not the poet but the novelist, and a female novelist at
that, here
becomes the unacknowledged legislator of the world" (47).
48:
-
"In claiming the novel as their own, Romantic women critics
also laid
claim to a revolution in both female manners and cultural
authority" (48).